Wine has been a popular beverage since ancient times and across all cultures. While the effects of wine on health are frequently reported, allergy or intolerance to wine has not been as closely studied. Wine contains many organic compounds including proteins from grapes (of course), bacteria, yeast, sulfites (some wines) and biogenic amines (histamine). These products may contribute to symptoms of an allergic reaction. The alcohol may also trigger an intolerance reaction. Red wine: more likely to cause allergic reactions due to endochitinase 4A protein and LTP (Lipid Transfer Protein): this particular protein is concentrated in the grape skins. The allergen in vino novella and vino Fragolino is likely endochitinase 4A. Also, there are more tannins in the skins of black grapes (black grapes are really not black, but range in color from light red or blue tint, to ruby or to deep indigo). White wine: this is fermented without the grape skins, so no LTP is present. White grapes have fewer and slightly different tannins and are usually referred to as “phenolics.” White grapes are not actually white! They can range from green to yellow-green, gold or even light orange. How common is wine allergy? In 2010, in the Rhine-Hess region of western Germany (popular wine-producing area), surveys were sent to 4000 adults living in Mainz regarding their alcohol intake and adverse (allergic or intolerant) reactions to wine. Of the 948 adults who returned the survey, 7.2% reported allergic type reactions. This study was published in 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22787508 Risk Factors for Wine Allergy:
Types of Reactions:
Can certain individual grape varieties trigger a reaction? Yes! The Merlot grape can trigger a hypertensive (increase in blood pressure) reaction in persons with hypertension or those prone to high blood pressure. The symptoms typically occur at night or in the early morning and resemble those of a heart attack with rapid heart rate. Since even tiny amounts of merlot may trigger such a reaction, blended wines containing a combination of grapes need to be avoided. What to do if you have experienced a reaction:
How is wine allergy treated?
At Family Allergy Asthma & Sinus Care, we desire patients to have a great quality of life. If that “Red, red wine” does not make you feel so fine….contact us. We can help! |
Blog >